Vanadium Oxide -Titanium Oxide Nanocomposites for Enhanced Polymer Films

Ikram Mahdi Sabbar, Asaad Ahmed Kamil And Ammar Ayesh Habeeb

References:

1. M. C. Daniel and D. Astruc, “Gold nanoparticles: assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology,” Chem. Rev., vol. 104, no. 1, pp. 293-346, 2004, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1021/cr030698+.
2. A. N. Shipway, E. Katz, and I. Willner, “Nanoparticle arrays on surfaces for electronic, optical, and sensor applications,” ChemPhysChem, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 18-52, 2000, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1002/1439-7641(20000804)1:1<18::AID-CPHC18>3.3.CO;2-C.
3. M. P. Stevens, Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction, 3rd ed. New York, NY, USA: Oxford Univ. Press, 1999, pp. 167-176, 256-276.
4. A. K. Gupta, M. Bafna, and Y. K. Vijay, “Study of optical properties of potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composite films,” Bull. Mater. Sci., vol. 41, p. 160, 2018, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-018-1606-4.
5. U. Ali, K. J. B. A. Karim, and N. A. Buang, “A review of the properties and applications of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA),” Polym. Rev., vol. 55, pp. 678-705, 2015, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2014.971124.
6. C. Chang, S. Rad, L. Gan, Z. Li, J. Dai, and A. Shahab, “Review of the sol–gel method in preparing nano TiO₂ for advanced oxidation process,” Nanotechnol. Rev., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 530-539, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2023-0035.
7. A. Md Alamgir, G. C. Mallick, S. K. Nayak, and S. Tiwari, “Development of PMMA/TiO₂ nanocomposites as excellent dental materials,” J. Mater. Sci. Technol., vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 4755-4760, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2019.07.009.
8. G. A. Niklasson, S.-Y. Li, and C.-G. Granqvist, “Thermochromic vanadium oxide thin films: electronic and optical properties,” J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., vol. 559, no. 1, p. 012001, 2014, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/559/1/012001.
9. M. Taha, A. Al-Khafaji, A. Al-Azzawi, and H. Al-Mashhadani, “Insulator–metal transition in substrate-independent VO₂ thin film for phase change devices,” Sci. Rep., vol. 7, no. 1, p. 17899, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-18277-8.
10. X.-J. Huang, X.-F. Zeng, J.-X. Wang, and J.-F. Chen, “Transparent dispersions of monodispersed ZnO nanoparticles with ultrahigh content and stability for polymer nanocomposite film with excellent optical properties,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 57, no. 12, pp. 4253-4260, 2018, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05392.
11. M. A. Haruna and D. Wen, “Stabilization of polymer nanocomposites in high-temperature and high-salinity brines,” ACS Omega, vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 11631-11641, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b01234.
12. Y. Ke, J. Zhang, Q. Wang, Y. Liu, and H. Wang, “Adaptive thermochromic windows from active plasmonic elastomers,” Joule, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 858-871, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.018.
13. Y. Zhou, Y. Cai, X. Hu, and Y. Long, “VO₂/hydrogel hybrid nanothermochromic material with ultra-high solar modulation and luminous transmission,” J. Mater. Chem. A, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1121-1126, 2015, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA05692A.
14. R. J. Deokate, S. S. Mali, C. D. Lokhande, and P. S. Patil, “Structural and optical properties of spray-deposited Cu₂ZnSnS₄ thin films,” Energy Procedia, vol. 54, pp. 627-633, 2014, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.07.314.
15. L. Kernazhitsky, A. Sakhatsky, V. Strelchuk, and V. Sklyar, “Optical absorption of polydisperse TiO₂: effect of surface doping by transition metal cations,” Ukr. J. Phys. Opt., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 15-23, 2013.
16. M. Yaghmaei, A. R. Moradi, M. R. Ganjali, and P. Norouzi, “Innovative black TiO₂ photocatalyst for effective water remediation under visible light illumination using flow systems,” Catalysts, vol. 14, no. 11, p. 775, 2024, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14110775.
17. K. Thamaphat, P. Limsuwan, and B. Ngotawornchai, “Phase characterization of TiO₂ powder by XRD and TEM,” Kasetsart J. Nat. Sci., vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 357-361, 2008.
18. D. Li, Y. Wang, J. Liu, and H. Zhang, “Hydrothermal synthesis of Mo-doped VO₂/TiO₂ composite nanocrystals with enhanced thermochromic performance,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 6555-6561, 2014, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1021/am501274w.
19. T. A. M. Msagati and J. F. Nure, “Optimization of photocatalytic degradation of Eriochrome Black T from aqueous solution using TiO₂-biochar composite,” Results Eng., vol. 25, p. 104036, 2025, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reng.2025.104036.
20. E. M. Mostafa and E. Amdeha, “Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye by highly stable visible-light-responsive Fe-based tri-composite photocatalysts,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., vol. 29, no. 43, pp. 69861-69874, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22125-7.
21. M. A. Awad, A. M. El-Kady, M. A. El-Sayed, and A. M. El-Shazly, “Wet chemical synthesis and characterization of FeVO₄ nanoparticles for supercapacitor as energy storage device,” J. King Saud Univ.–Sci., vol. 35, no. 4, p. 102857, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2023.102857.
22. E. M. Mostafa, R. M. El-Sherif, E. S. Noemy, and R. E. Hammam, “Evaluation of stability, optical properties, and thermal performance of innovative TiO₂/FeVO₄ ethylene glycol hybrid nanofluids,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 112-125, 2025, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32567-9.
23. L. S. Chougala, S. S. Mali, C. D. Lokhande, and P. S. Patil, “A simple approach on synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles and its application in dye sensitized solar cells,” J. Nano Electron. Phys., vol. 9, no. 4, p. 4001, 2017.
24. S. Dalla Bernardina, M. S. Dresselhaus, and G. Dresselhaus, “Water in carbon nanotubes: the peculiar hydrogen bond network revealed by infrared spectroscopy,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 138, no. 33, pp. 10437-10443, 2016, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b05873.
25. H. Yuwono, C. S. Lim, and J. Wei, “Controlling the crystallinity and nonlinear optical properties of transparent TiO₂–PMMA nanohybrids,” J. Mater. Chem., vol. 14, no. 20, pp. 2978-2987, 2004, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1039/B403944A.
26. S. Borandeh, A. Abdolmaleki, S. Z. Nekuabadi, and M. Sadeghi, “Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate–TiO₂/poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposite: an efficient membrane for gas separation,” Polym.-Plast. Technol. Mater., vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 789-802, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2018.1556670.
27. N. Khatun, M. A. Gaffar, M. A. Islam, and M. A. Hossain, “Effect of lattice distortion on band gap decrement due to vanadium substitution in TiO₂ nanoparticles,” Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process., vol. 50, pp. 7-13, 2016, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2016.03.006.
28. J. M. Selvi, R. S. Rajkumar, and S. R. Kumar, “Green synthesis, characterization and applications of TiO₂ nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Erythrina variegata leaves,” Curr. Sci., vol. 123, no. 1, pp. 59-66, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i1/59-66.
29. R. V. S. S. N. Ravikumar, K. V. Ramesh, and K. S. R. Anjaneyulu, “Spectral investigation of structural and optical properties of mechanically synthesized TiO₂–V₂O₅ nanocomposite powders,” Mater. Today: Proc., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 31-38, 2016, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2016.01.005.
30. C. Hu, H. Xu, X. Liu, F. Zou, L. Qie, Y. Huang, and X. Hu, “VO₂/TiO₂ nanosponges as binder-free electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors,” Sci. Rep., vol. 5, p. 16012, 2015, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep16012.
31. Y. E. Tasisa, T. K. Sarma, R. Krishnaraj, and S. Sarma, “Band gap engineering of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles prepared via green route and its visible light driven for environmental remediation,” Results Chem., vol. 11, p. 101850, 2024, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101850.
32. U. J. R. Babu, K. Hareesh, S. R. Rondiya, D. H. Nagaraju, and K. Mahendra, “Synthesis and characterization of nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped TiO₂ nanoparticle anchored graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets: photocatalytic application on dye removal,” Diam. Relat. Mater., vol. 139, p. 110292, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2023.110292.
33. V. S. Bhat, S. B. Kapatkar, I. Naik, and S. Hegde, “Optical, electrical, structural properties of PFO–PMMA films loaded with TiO₂ nanoparticles,” Discov. Mater., vol. 4, no. 1, p. 50, 2024, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-024-00050-9.
34. K. Omri and F. Alharbi, “Synthesis and effect of temperature on morphological and photoluminescence properties of TiO₂ nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. A, vol. 125, no. 10, p. 696, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-019-2969-6.
35. E. M. Taha and N. A. Abdulrahman, “Characteristics and synthesis of TiO₂ and B-TiO₂ by solvothermal method,” J. Nanostruct., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 109-115, 2024, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.22052/JNS.2024.01.013.
36. O. Sacco, D. Sannino, M. Matarangolo, and V. Vaiano, “Room temperature synthesis of V-doped TiO₂ and its photocatalytic activity in the removal of caffeine under UV irradiation,” Materials, vol. 12, no. 6, p. 911, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12060911.
37. C. Rameshkumar, S. Sarojini, K. Naresh, and R. Subalakshmi, “Preparation and characterization of pristine PMMA and PVDF thin film using solution casting process for optoelectronic devices,” J. Surf. Sci. Technol., vol. 33, no. 1-2, pp. 12-18, 2017.
38. Q. Al-Bataineh, A. Ahmad, and A. Alsaad, and A. Telfah, “Optical characterizations of PMMA/metal oxide nanoparticles thin films: bandgap engineering using a novel derived model,” Heliyon, vol. 7, no. 4, p. e05952, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05952.
39. S. Al-Khafaj, K. A. Jasim, and A. M. Ibraheim, “Optical and thermal characterizations of PMMA composites,” Eng. Technol. J., vol. 37, no. B2, pp. 20-27, 2019.