10.25673/120608">
Proceedings of International Conference on Applied Innovation in IT  ·  2025/06/27  ·  Vol. 13  ·  Issue 2  ·  pp. 805–811
Effect of Stimulating Garden Cress Seeds with Distilled Water, Ascorbic Acid, and Citric Acid on Seedling Growth and Germination under Salt Stress Conditions
Leqaa Taher Kamil, Eman Emad Mohamad Amin, Zainab A. Fadhil and Azhar Lateef Shwish
📄 Download PDF DOI: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.25673/120608">10.25673/120608</a>
Abstract
A factorial experiment with three factors was conducted in the laboratories of the College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Diyala, following a completely randomized design with three repetitions. The experiment took place from January 15th to January 25th, 2025, to investigate the impact of soaking garden cress seeds in non-enzymatic antioxidants. The results demonstrated the superiority of soaking with distilled water, achieving the highest values in germination percentage, root length, shoot length, fresh weight of seedlings, and seedling vigor, recording 66.66%, 8.33 cm, 3.66 cm, 0.272 g, and 289 g, respectively. The most effective concentration was found to be 3NaCl combined with distilled water. Additionally, soaking in ascorbic acid significantly enhanced the germination percentage and dry weight of the seedlings, reaching 66.66% and 0.057 g, respectively, with irrigation using 3NaCl. On the other hand, soaking with citric acid and irrigation with 5NaCl resulted in the lowest values for all traits, indicating a negative impact on seedling development. These findings highlight the potential of using specific antioxidants in optimizing the growth and vigor of garden cress under saline conditions, providing insights for enhancing agricultural productivity.
Keywords
Garden Cress Ascorbic Acid Citric Acid Nacl.
References
  1. L. Baselga-Escudero et al., "Beneficial effects of the Mediterranean spices and aromas on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease," Trends in Food Science & Technology, vol. 61, pp. 141–159, 2017.
  2. H. P. Devkota and A. Adhikari-Devkota, "Cold pressed clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil," in Cold Pressed Oils. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 2020, pp. 273–276.
  3. R. A. Salman, M. W. M. Alzubaidy, and A. T. Tawfeeq, "Effect of Mirabilis Jalapa plant fortified with nano-quercetine to accelerate wound healing in vivo," Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences, vol. 12, pp. 709–715, Aug. 2024.
  4. A. Sachan, S. Kumar, K. Kumari, and D. Singh, "Medicinal uses of spices used in our traditional culture: Worldwide," Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 116–122, 2018.
  5. G. El-Saber Batiha, L. M. Alkazmi, L. G. Wasef, A. M. Beshbishy, E. H. Nadwa, and E. K. Rashwan, "Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae): traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents, pharmacological and toxicological activities," Biomolecules, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 202, 2020.
  6. M.-T. Golmakani, M. Zare, and S. Razzaghi, "Eugenol enrichment of clove bud essential oil using different microwave-assisted distillation methods," Food Science and Technology Research, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 385–394, 2017.
  7. S. Y. Kim and A. Moon, "Drug-induced nephrotoxicity and its biomarkers," Biomolecules & Therapeutics, vol. 20, no. 3, p. 268, 2012.
  8. A. L. Mescher, Junqueira's Basic Histology: Text and Atlas. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill Education/Medical, 2023.
  9. R. S. Khulef and N. A. Al-Bakri, "Morphological and histological study of the liver and gallbladder in the Iraqi pin-tailed sandgrouse Pterocles alchata (L. 1766)," Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences, vol. 17, no. 2, 2024.
  10. H. Muhaimed and T. A. Ibrahim, "Effect of Pregnyl (HCG) on histological structure of testes in albino mice," International Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 86–92, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.69923/bgm1zs71.
  11. Y. Tanko, A. Mohammed, M. Okasha, A. Umah, and R. Magaji, "Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud in Wistar rats and mice," African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 209–212, 2008.
  12. M. Aasim, F. Baloch, M. Nadeem, A. Bakhsh, M. Sameeullah, and S. Day, "Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.): An underutilized edible plant of modern world," in Global Perspectives on Underutilized Crops, 2018, pp. 381–408.
  13. Y. Kaakeh, S. Kanjee, K. Boone, and J. Sutton, "Liraglutide-induced acute kidney injury," Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. e7–e11, 2012.
  14. G. T. M. Sales and R. D. Foresto, "Drug-induced nephrotoxicity," Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira, vol. 66, pp. s82–s90, 2020.
  15. E. Bartoli, "Adverse effects of drugs on the kidney," European Journal of Internal Medicine, vol. 28, pp. 1–8, 2016.
  16. T. Stewart, F. F. Jung, J. Manning, and V. M. Vehaskari, "Kidney immune cell infiltration and oxidative stress contribute to prenatally programmed hypertension," Kidney International, vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 2180–2188, 2005.
  17. S. Abbas, M. Rafatullah, K. Hossain, N. Ismail, H. Tajarudin, and H. Abdul Khalil, "A review on mechanism and future perspectives of cadmium-resistant bacteria," International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 15, pp. 243–262, 2018.
  18. J. B. Buse et al., "2019 update to: management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)," Diabetes Care, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 487–493, 2020.
  19. D. J. Leehey, M. A. Rahman, E. Borys, M. M. Picken, and C. E. Clise, "Acute kidney injury associated with semaglutide," Kidney Medicine, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 282–285, 2021.
  20. S. C. Tye et al., "Prediction of the effects of liraglutide on kidney and cardiovascular outcomes based on short-term changes in multiple risk markers," Frontiers in Pharmacology, vol. 13, p. 786767, 2022.
  21. A. Alhamedi, "Histopathological and histochemical study of tramadol on rabbit’s liver and kidney," M.S. thesis, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine, 2015.
  22. J. I. Lara-Prado et al., "Acute kidney injury and organ dysfunction: what is the role of uremic toxins?," Toxins, vol. 13, no. 8, p. 551, 2021.
  23. J. F. Mann et al., "Liraglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes," New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 377, no. 9, pp. 839–848, 2017.
  24. X. Zhao et al., "Liraglutide inhibits autophagy and apoptosis induced by high glucose through GLP-1R in renal tubular epithelial cells," International Journal of Molecular Medicine, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 684–692, 2015.
  25. C. Uetrecht, R. J. Rose, E. van Duijn, K. Lorenzen, and A. J. Heck, "Ion mobility mass spectrometry of proteins and protein assemblies," Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 1633–1655, 2010.
  26. G. C. Gobe and Z. H. Endre, "Cell death in toxic nephropathies," in Seminars in Nephrology, vol. 23, no. 5. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 2003, pp. 416–424.
  27. A. M. Shaman et al., "Effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists semaglutide and liraglutide on kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: pooled analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and LEADER," Circulation, vol. 145, no. 8, pp. 575–585, 2022.
  28. V. E. Blanco, C. V. Hernandorena, P. Scibona, W. Belloso, and C. G. Musso, "Acute kidney injury pharmacokinetic changes and its impact on drug prescription," Healthcare, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 10, 2019.
  29. A. Negm, R. A. Abbas, A. Awadalla, A. O. Abd El-Azim, and O.-A. Elkhawaga, "Syzygium aromaticum ameliorates oxidative stress and fibrosis in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in rats," Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 322–338, 2020.
  30. A. F. P. Meliala, A. Sutrisman, A. N. Nasution, and M. S. Mutia, "The effect of giving cloves extract (Syzygium aromaticum) on kidney function and kidney histopathology of male Wistar white rats infected with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria," in Hasil Seminar Nasional UNPRI, vol. 1, no. 2, 2024.

Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Innovations in IT by Anhalt University of Applied Sciences is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0  ·  This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

ICAIIT 2026
International Conference on Applied Innovation in IT
Navigation
Publisher
ISSN2199-8876
Publisher Edition Hochschule Anhalt
Location Anhalt University of Applied Sciences
Email leiterin.hsb@hs-anhalt.de
Phone +49 (0) 3496 67 5611
Address Building 01, Room 425
Bernburger Str. 55
D-06366 Köthen, Germany
Open Access License
CC BY-SA 4.0

All works are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0), unless otherwise noted.

Published by ICAIIT in cooperation with Anhalt University of Applied Sciences.

© 2026 ICAIIT — International Conference on Applied Innovations in IT. Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Köthen, Germany.
Visitors: site traffic counter