Data-Driven Evaluation of Natural and Chemical Pesticides for Tick Control

Ammar Abdulwahid Jbarah Al-Karawi, Nagham Y. Al-Bayati and Maan Abdul Azeez Shafeeq

References:

1. J. de la Fuente et al., “Perception of ticks and tick-borne diseases worldwide,” Pathogens, vol. 12, no. 10, p. 1258, 2023.
2. S. Madison-Antenucci, L. D. Kramer, L. L. Gebhardt, and E. Kauffman, “Emerging tick-borne diseases,” Clin. Microbiol. Rev., vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 10-1128, 2020.
3. S. K. Wikel, “Ticks and tick-borne infections: complex ecology, agents, and host interactions,” Vet. Sci., vol. 5, no. 2, p. 60, 2018.
4. P. Jain, T. Satapathy, and R. K. Pandey, “Rhipicephalus microplus (acari: Ixodidae): Clinical safety and potential control by topical application of cottonseed oil (Gossypium sp.) on cattle,” Exp. Parasitol., vol. 219, p. 108017, 2020.
5. J. Waldman, G. M. Klafke, and I. D. S. Vaz Jr., “Mechanisms of acaricide resistance in ticks,” Acta Sci. Vet., vol. 51, p. 1900, 2023.
6. G. Benelli, R. Pavela, A. Canale, and H. Mehlhorn, “Tick repellents and acaricides of botanical origin: a green roadmap to control tick-borne diseases,” Parasitol. Res., vol. 115, no. 7, pp. 2545-2560, 2016.
7. A. J. Saleem, A. S. Hamzah, and M. Hammadi, “Development of Sulfadiazine by Nano Method and study its effect against multi-drug resistant bacteria,” J. Nanostruct., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1023-1028, 2024, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.22052/JNS.2024.04.003.
8. S. Vranić et al., “The morphology of the pygidial glands and the chemical composition of their secretions of four sphodrine ground beetle species (Carabidae: Platyninae),” J. Insect Physiol., vol. 158, p. 104685, 2024.
9. D. L. Pearson and J. Wiesner, “The use of tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) in adapting hotspot conservation to global, regional, and local scales,” J. Insect Conserv., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 19-48, 2023.
10. S. A. W. Khaled, A. A. Sultan, and G. A. Atiya, “A combined technique of GC and Mass spectroscopy used for the identification of specific compounds from Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya albiceps extracts used for the assignments of those species,” Biochem. Cell. Arch., vol. 18, no. 2, 2018.
11. A. M. Abdou et al., “Acaricidal activity of Egyptian crude plant extracts against Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks,” PLoS One, vol. 19, no. 7, p. e0307297, 2024.
12. M. A. S. Mahdy ALazawee and Z. T. Sedrah, “Extraction, Partial Purification and Characterization of Lipase Enzyme from Different Animal and Plant Sources,” DASJ, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 40-51, Dec. 2024.
13. M. B. Said, M. Kratou, and H. Belkahia, “Natural acaricides against Hyalomma tick species: a review of efficacy, mechanisms and applications in integrated pest management,” Vet. Parasitol., p. 110580, 2025.
14. M. N. H. Alagele and A. A. Sultan, “Detection of DNA Damage in Esophageal Cancer Cell Lines Using Edible Insect Extract,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Innovations in IT (ICAIIT), vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 813-818, Jun. 2025, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.25673/120609.
15. G. Freeman-Gallant, E. J. Davis, E. Scholer, O. Alija, and J. G. Navea, “Photooxidation of Nonanoic Acid by Molecular and Complex Environmental Photosensitizers,” J. Phys. Chem. A, vol. 128, no. 45, pp. 9792-9803, 2024.
16. A. A. J. Al-Karawi, N. Y. Al-Bayati, and M. A. A. Shafeeq, “Comparative Analysis of Vegetable Chemical Compounds from Orange Peel Extract and Thuja Plants Using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Technique,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Appl. Innov. IT, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 615-622, 2025.
17. A. L. Frazior and E. Leeke, “A Systematic Review of Flea & Tick Prevention Compliance in the Continental United States,” Ph.D. dissertation, 2023.
18. J. F. Rojas-Cabeza, E. N. Moreno-Cordova, J. F. Ayala-Zavala, D. E. Sonenshine, J. G. Valenzuela, and R. R. Sotelo-Mundo, “A review of acaricides and their resistance mechanisms in hard ticks and control alternatives with synergistic agents,” Acta Trop., p. 107519, 2024.
19. K. C. Shilaluke and A. N. Moteetee, “Insecticidal activities and GC-MS analysis of the selected family members of Meliaceae used traditionally as insecticides,” Plants, vol. 11, no. 22, p. 3046, 2022.
20. A. A. Brito-Bello and D. Lopez-Arredondo, “Bioactive compounds with pesticide activities derived from aged cultures of green microalgae,” Biology, vol. 12, no. 8, p. 1149, 2023.
21. I. Kansal, A. Kapoor, S. Solanki, and R. Singh, “Cypermethrin toxicity in the environment: analytical insight into detection methods and microbial degradation pathways,” J. Appl. Microbiol., vol. 134, no. 6, p. lxad105, 2023.
22. S. I. Kim, J. H. Tak, J. K. Seo, S. R. Park, J. Kim, and K. H. Boo, “Repellency of veratraldehyde (3,4-dimethoxy benzaldehyde) against mosquito females and tick nymphs,” Appl. Sci., vol. 11, no. 11, p. 4861, 2021.
23. S. M. Ibrahium et al., “Efficacy of D-Limonene nanoemulsion against Rhipicephalus annulatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks,” Acta Parasitol., vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 267-274, 2024.
24. C. J. Rodrigues and C. C. de Carvalho, “Process development for benzyl alcohol production by whole-cell biocatalysis in stirred and packed bed reactors,” Microorganisms, vol. 10, no. 5, p. 966, 2022.
25. S. M. Aboelhadid, S. M. Ibrahium, A. A. S. Abdel-Baki, and M. A. Dkhil, “An investigation of the acaricidal activity of benzyl alcohol on Rhipicephalus annulatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus and its synergistic or antagonistic interaction with commonly used acaricides,” Med. Vet. Entomol., 2024.
26. E. Bokretsion, D. L. B. Fortela, W. Holmes, R. A. Hernandez, A. Chistoserdov, and M. Zappi, “Herbicides of Nonanoic Acid from Oleaginous Microorganisms Via in-Situ Ozonolysis of Accumulated Oils,” in AIChE Annual Meeting, AIChE, 2025.
27. R. Tanvir, A. Javeed, and Y. Rehman, “Fatty acids and their amide derivatives from endophytes: New therapeutic possibilities from a hidden source,” FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 365, no. 12, p. fny114, 2018.