Proceedings of International Conference on Applied Innovation in IT
2026/03/31, Volume 14, Issue 1, pp.19-31

Evaluation Framework for Crowd Counting Analysis Using Deep Learning Techniques


Fatima Jawad Kadhim and Ayad Hameed Mousa


Abstract: Crowd counting refers to the process of counting the number of people in a specific area. It is a technique with broad applications in urban planning, healthcare, emergency management, security, and military strategies. However, this technique faces challenges such as visual distortions, perspective variation, and heterogeneous distribution of individuals, which increase the difficulty of calculations, especially in densely populated areas. Recent advances in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and the creation of large datasets have contributed to significant advances in crowd counting methods in recent years. While deep learning has greatly advanced the field, a comprehensive analysis of the methodologies, challenges, and limitations of recent studies is lacking. This paper addresses this gap by: (1) conducting a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of crowd-counting research; (2) proposing a novel evaluation framework (EFC2ADL) to classify and assess studies based on key criteria like datasets, loss functions, and metrics; and (3) validating the framework's relevance and comprehensiveness through expert review before employing it to evaluate 50 recent papers. The proposed Framework provides a structured basis for understanding trends and guiding future research in deep learning-based crowd counting.

Keywords: Crowd Counting, Convolutional Neural Network, Deep Learning, Evaluation Framework, Systematic Literature Review.

DOI: Under indexing

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