This article is devoted to the modern aspects of geothermal energy development and its role in ensuring a sustainable energy future. With the rapid expansion of industrial enterprises and the sharp growth in electricity demand-particularly among populations in the northern regions of developed countries-the issues of further improvement and efficient utilization of geothermal energy remain a pressing scientific challenge. The study provides a comprehensive review of technologies for exploration, drilling, and exploitation of geothermal resources, including the application of geophysical and geochemical methods as well as automated control systems. Particular attention is given to assessing the performance of geothermal power plants in leading countries such as the United States, Iceland, Indonesia, the Philippines, Costa Rica, and others, with an analysis of their key indicators of green energy generation and growth prospects. The findings show that the introduction of advanced technologies, including 3D seismic exploration, hydraulic fracturing, and process automation, significantly enhances both the profitability and environmental safety of projects. The article also examines environmental risks associated with greenhouse gas emissions such as methane and carbon dioxide, along with strategies for their reduction through modern capture and utilization technologies. In addition, investment trends and the technological and operational challenges of the sector-linked to high capital expenditures and geological risks-are analyzed, with evidence-based recommendations proposed for their mitigation. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of continued scientific research and the adoption of innovative solutions to expand the use of geothermal energy as part of the global strategy for transitioning to clean energy sources.