Proceedings of International Conference on Applied Innovation in IT
2025/08/29, Volume 13, Issue 4, pp.143-152
Automated Diagnosis of COVID-19 and Pneumonia Using Deep Learning Techniques on Radiological Images
Kawther Sameer Ali and Ahmad Shaker Abdalrada Abstract: Respiratory disease, such as COVID-19 and pneumonia, are among the leading global causes of morbidity and mortality. Inexpensive yet universally applied chest X-ray (CXR) imaging is still difficult to interpret due to overlapping radiographic findings between diseases. In this paper, we propose an improved deep learning framework based on the EfficientNet-B3 architecture, aided by transfer learning, Grad-CAM visualizations, and data augmentation for autonomous diagnosis of respiratory diseases from CXR images. Two publicly available datasets were merged, cleaned, and balanced to create a heterogeneous training corpus of four classes of diagnostic conditions: COVID-19, bacterial pneumonia, viral pneumonia, and normal conditions. The proposed model was achieved accurate in test set 98.69% and high macro-averaged precision, recall, and F1-scores. The use of Grad-CAM visualizations enhanced the concentration of the model on clinically relevant lung regions, making it more explainable. These findings suggest the model's viability as a reliable clinical decision support system, especially in resource-limited settings, and are an advancement towards explainable AI in medical diagnosis.
Keywords: COVID-19, Pneumonia, EfficientNet-B3, Grad-CAM, Chest X-ray, Deep Learning.
DOI: 10.25673/122079
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